尊龙凯时人生就是搏

Linux Ôõô±ÜÃâ ssh ±»±©Á¦Æƽâ


SSH ÊÇÒ»ÖÖÆÕ±éʹÓõÄЭÒé £¬ÓÃÓÚÇå¾²µØ»á¼û Linux ЧÀÍÆ÷¡£´ó´ó¶¼Óû§Ê¹ÓÃĬÈÏÉèÖÃµÄ SSH ÅþÁ¬À´ÅþÁ¬µ½Ô¶³ÌЧÀÍÆ÷¡£¿ÉÊÇ £¬²»Çå¾²µÄĬÈÏÉèÖÃÒ²»á´øÀ´ÖÖÖÖÇ徲Σº¦¡£
¾ßÓпª·Å SSH »á¼ûȨÏÞµÄЧÀÍÆ÷µÄ root ÕÊ»§¿ÉÄܱ£´æΣº¦¡£ÓÈÆäÊÇÈôÊÇÄãʹÓõÄÊǹ«¹² IP µØµã £¬ÔòÆƽâ root ÃÜÂëÒªÈÝÒ׵öà¡£Òò´Ë £¬ÓÐÐëÒªÏàʶ SSH Çå¾²ÐÔ¡£
ÕâÊÇÔÚ Linux Éϱ£»¤ SSH ЧÀÍÆ÷ÅþÁ¬µÄÒªÁì¡£

1. ½ûÓà root Óû§µÇ¼

Ϊ´Ë £¬Ê×ÏÈ £¬½ûÓà root Óû§µÄ SSH »á¼û²¢½¨ÉèÒ»¸ö¾ßÓÐ root ȨÏÞµÄÐÂÓû§¡£¹Ø±Õ root Óû§µÄЧÀÍÆ÷»á¼ûÊÇÒ»ÖÖ·ÀÓùÕ½ÂÔ £¬¿ÉÒÔ±ÜÃâ¹¥»÷ÕßʵÏÖÈëÇÖϵͳµÄÄ¿µÄ¡£ÀýÈç £¬Äã¿ÉÒÔ½¨ÉèÒ»¸öÃûΪ exampleroot µÄÓû§ £¬ÈçÏÂËùʾ£º

useradd -m examplerootpasswd examplerootusermod -aG sudo exampleroot

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useradd ½¨ÉèÒ»¸öÐÂÓû§ £¬²¢ÇÒ – m ²ÎÊýÔÚÄ㽨ÉèµÄÓû§µÄÖ÷Ŀ¼Ï½¨ÉèÒ»¸öÎļþ¼Ð¡£

passwd ÏÂÁîÓÃÓÚΪÐÂÓû§·ÖÅÉÃÜÂë¡£Çë¼Ç×Å £¬Äã·ÖÅɸøÓû§µÄÃÜÂëÓ¦¸ÃºÜÖØ´óÇÒÄÑÒÔÍƲâ¡£

usermod -aG sudo ½«Ð½¨ÉèµÄÓû§Ìí¼Óµ½ÖÎÀíÔ±×é¡£

ÔÚÓû§½¨ÉèÀú³ÌÖ®ºó £¬ÐèÒª¶Ô sshd_config Îļþ¾ÙÐÐһЩ¸ü¸Ä¡£Äã¿ÉÒÔÔÚ / etc/ssh/sshd_config ÕÒµ½´ËÎļþ¡£Ê¹ÓÃÈκÎÎı¾±à¼­Æ÷·­¿ªÎļþ²¢¶ÔÆä¾ÙÐÐÒÔϸü¸Ä£º

# Authentication: #LoginGraceTime 2m PermitRootLogin no AllowUsers exampleroot

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PermitRootLogin Ðн«×èÖ¹ root Óû§Ê¹Óà SSH »ñµÃÔ¶³Ì»á¼û¡£ÔÚ AllowUsers ÁбíÖаüÀ¨ exampleroot »áÏòÓû§ÊÚÓèÐëÒªµÄȨÏÞ¡£
×îºó £¬Ê¹ÓÃÒÔÏÂÏÂÁîÖØÆô SSH ЧÀÍ£º

> rumenz@rumenz /home/rumenz/www.rumenz.com                              > sudo systemctl restart ssh

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ÈôÊÇʧ°Ü²¢ÇÒÄãÊÕµ½¹ýʧÐÂÎÅ £¬ÇëʵÑéÒÔÏÂÏÂÁî¡£Õâ¿ÉÄÜÒòÄãʹÓÃµÄ Linux ¿¯Ðаæ¶øÒì¡£ÁíÍâ £¬ËÑË÷ÃñÖÚºÅLinux¾Í¸ÃÕâÑùѧºǫ́»Ø¸´¡°Linux¡± £¬»ñÈ¡Ò»·Ý¾ªÏ²Àñ°ü¡£

> rumenz@rumenz /home/rumenz/www.rumenz.com> sudo systemctl restart sshd

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2. ¸ü¸ÄĬÈ϶˿Ú

ĬÈ쵀 SSH ÅþÁ¬¶Ë¿ÚÊÇ 22¡£ËäÈ» £¬ËùÓеĹ¥»÷Õ߶¼ÖªµÀÕâÒ»µã £¬Òò´ËÐèÒª¸ü¸ÄĬÈ϶˿ںÅÒÔÈ·±£ SSH Çå¾²¡£Ö»¹Ü¹¥»÷Õß¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý Nmap ɨÃèÇáËÉÕÒµ½ÐµĶ˿ںŠ£¬µ«ÕâÀïµÄÄ¿µÄÊÇÈù¥»÷ÕßµÄÊÂÇéÔ½·¢ÄÑÌâ¡£
Òª¸ü¸Ä¶Ë¿ÚºÅ £¬Çë·­¿ª / etc/ssh/sshd_config ²¢¶ÔÎļþ¾ÙÐÐÒÔϸü¸Ä£º

Include /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/*.confPort 22099

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ÔÚÕâÒ»²½Ö®ºó £¬Ê¹Óà sudo systemctl restart ssh ÔÙ´ÎÖØÆô SSH ЧÀÍ¡£ÏÖÔÚÄã¿ÉÒÔʹÓøոսç˵µÄ¶Ë¿Ú»á¼ûÄãµÄЧÀÍÆ÷¡£ÈôÊÇÄãʹÓõÄÊÇ·À»ðǽ £¬Ôò»¹±ØÐèÔÚ´Ë´¦¾ÙÐÐÐëÒªµÄ¹æÔò¸ü¸Ä¡£ÔÚÔËÐÐ netstat -tlpn ÏÂÁîʱ £¬Äã¿ÉÒÔ¿´µ½ÄãµÄ SSH ¶Ë¿ÚºÅÒѸü¸Ä¡£

3. եȡʹÓÿÕȱÃÜÂëµÄÓû§»á¼û

ÔÚÄãµÄϵͳÉÏ¿ÉÄÜÓÐÄ㲻СÐĽ¨ÉèµÄûÓÐÃÜÂëµÄÓû§¡£Òª±ÜÃâ´ËÀàÓû§»á¼ûЧÀÍÆ÷ £¬Äã¿ÉÒÔ½« sshd_config ÎļþÖÐµÄ PermitEmptyPasswords ÐÐÖµÉèÖÃΪ no¡£

PermitEmptyPasswords no

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4. ÏÞÖƵǼ / »á¼ûʵÑé

ĬÈÏÇéÐÎÏ £¬Äã¿ÉÒÔƾ֤ÐèҪʵÑé¶à´ÎÊäÈëÃÜÂëÀ´»á¼ûЧÀÍÆ÷¡£¿ÉÊÇ £¬¹¥»÷Õß¿ÉÒÔʹÓôËÎó²î¶ÔЧÀÍÆ÷¾ÙÐб©Á¦Æƽ⡣ͨ¹ýÖ¸¶¨ÔÊÐíµÄÃÜÂëʵÑé´ÎÊý £¬Äã¿ÉÒÔÔÚʵÑéÒ»¶¨´ÎÊýºó×Ô¶¯ÖÕÖ¹ SSH ÅþÁ¬¡£

Å£±Æ°¡£¡½Ó˽»î±Ø±¸µÄ N ¸ö¿ªÔ´ÏîÄ¿£¡¸ÏæÕä²Ø°É

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Ϊ´Ë £¬Çë¸ü¸Ä sshd_config ÎļþÖÐµÄ MaxAuthTries Öµ¡£

MaxAuthTries 3

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5. ʹÓà SSH °æ±¾ 2

SSH µÄµÚ¶þ¸ö°æ±¾Ðû²¼ÊÇÓÉÓÚµÚÒ»¸ö°æ±¾Öб£´æÐí¶àÎó²î¡£Ä¬ÈÏÇéÐÎÏ £¬Äã¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý½« Protocol ²ÎÊýÌí¼Óµ½ sshd_config ÎļþÀ´ÆôÓÃЧÀÍÆ÷ʹÓõڶþ¸ö°æ±¾¡£ÕâÑù £¬ÄãδÀ´µÄËùÓÐÅþÁ¬¶¼½«Ê¹Óõڶþ¸ö°æ±¾µÄ SSH¡£

Include /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/*.conf Protocol 2

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6. ¹Ø±Õ TCP ¶Ë¿Úת·¢ºÍ X11 ת·¢

¹¥»÷Õß¿ÉÒÔʵÑéͨ¹ý SSH ÅþÁ¬µÄ¶Ë¿Úת·¢À´»á¼ûÄãµÄÆäËûϵͳ¡£ÎªÁ˱ÜÃâÕâÖÖÇéÐÎ £¬Äã¿ÉÒÔÔÚ sshd_config ÎļþÖÐ¹Ø±Õ AllowTcpForwarding ºÍ X11Forwarding ¹¦Ð§¡£

X11Forwarding no 
AllowTcpForwarding no

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7. ʹÓà SSH ÃÜÔ¿ÅþÁ¬

ÅþÁ¬µ½Ð§ÀÍÆ÷µÄ×îÇå¾²ÒªÁìÖ®Ò»ÊÇʹÓà SSH ÃÜÔ¿¡£Ê¹Óà SSH ÃÜԿʱ £¬ÎÞÐèÃÜÂë¼´¿É»á¼ûЧÀÍÆ÷¡£ÁíÍâ £¬Äã¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý¸ü¸Ä sshd_config ÎļþÖÐÓëÃÜÂëÏà¹ØµÄ²ÎÊýÀ´ÍêÈ«¹Ø±Õ¶ÔЧÀÍÆ÷µÄÃÜÂë»á¼û¡£
½¨Éè SSH ÃÜԿʱ £¬ÓÐÁ½¸öÃÜÔ¿£ºPublic ºÍ Private¡£¹«Ô¿½«ÉÏ´«µ½ÄãÒªÅþÁ¬µÄЧÀÍÆ÷ £¬¶ø˽ԿÔò´æ´¢ÔÚÄ㽫ÓÃÀ´½¨ÉèÅþÁ¬µÄÅÌËã»úÉÏ¡£
ÔÚÄãµÄÅÌËã»úÉÏʹÓà ssh-keygen ÏÂÁÉè SSH ÃÜÔ¿¡£²»Òª½«ÃÜÂë¶ÌÓï×Ö¶ÎÁô¿Õ²¢¼Ç×ÅÄãÔÚ´Ë´¦ÊäÈëµÄÃÜÂë¡£ÈôÊǽ«ÆäÁô¿Õ £¬Ä㽫ֻÄÜʹÓà SSH ÃÜÔ¿Îļþ»á¼ûËü¡£¿ÉÊÇ £¬ÈôÊÇÄãÉèÖÃÁËÃÜÂë £¬Ôò¿ÉÒÔ±ÜÃâÓµÓÐÃÜÔ¿ÎļþµÄ¹¥»÷Õß»á¼ûËü¡£ÀýÈç £¬Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÒÔÏÂÏÂÁÉè SSH ÃÜÔ¿£º

ssh-keygen

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8. SSH ÅþÁ¬µÄ IP ÏÞÖÆ

´ó´ó¶¼ÇéÐÎÏ £¬·À»ðǽʹÓÃ×Ô¼ºµÄ±ê×¼¿ò¼Ü×èÖ¹»á¼û £¬Ö¼ÔÚ±£»¤Ð§ÀÍÆ÷¡£¿ÉÊÇ £¬Õâ²¢²»×ÜÊÇ×ã¹»µÄ £¬ÄãÐèÒªÔöÌíÕâÖÖÇ徲DZÁ¦¡£
Ϊ´Ë £¬Çë·­¿ª / etc/hosts.allow Îļþ¡£Í¨¹ý¶Ô¸ÃÎļþ¾ÙÐеÄÌí¼Ó £¬Äã¿ÉÒÔÏÞÖÆ SSH ȨÏÞ £¬ÔÊÐíÌض¨ IP ¿é £¬»òÊäÈëµ¥¸ö IP ²¢Ê¹ÓþܾøÏÂÁî×èÖ¹ËùÓÐÊ£ÓàµÄ IP µØµã¡£
ÏÂÃæÄ㽫¿´µ½Ò»Ð©Ê¾ÀýÉèÖá£Íê³ÉÕâЩ֮ºó £¬ÏñÍù³£Ò»ÑùÖØÐÂÆô¶¯ SSH ЧÀÍÒÔÉúÑĸü¸Ä¡£

ÒÔÉϾÍÊÇLinux Ôõô±ÜÃâ ssh ±»±©Á¦ÆƽâµÄÏêϸÄÚÈÝ £¬¸ü¶àÇë¹Ø×¢±¾ÍøÄÚÆäËüÏà¹ØÎÄÕ£¡

ÃâÔð˵Ã÷£ºÒÔÉÏչʾÄÚÈÝȪԴÓÚÏàÖúýÌå¡¢ÆóÒµ»ú¹¹¡¢ÍøÓÑÌṩ»òÍøÂçÍøÂçÕûÀí £¬°æȨÕùÒéÓë±¾Õ¾ÎÞ¹Ø £¬ÎÄÕÂÉæ¼°¿´·¨Óë¿´·¨²»´ú±í尊龙凯时人生就是搏ÂËÓÍ»úÍø¹Ù·½Ì¬¶È £¬Çë¶ÁÕß½ö×ö²Î¿¼¡£±¾ÎĽӴýתÔØ £¬×ªÔØÇë˵Ã÷À´ÓÉ¡£ÈôÄúÒÔΪ±¾ÎÄÇÖÕ¼ÁËÄúµÄ°æȨÐÅÏ¢ £¬»òÄú·¢Ã÷¸ÃÄÚÈÝÓÐÈκÎÉæ¼°ÓÐÎ¥¹«µÂ¡¢Ã°·¸Ö´·¨µÈÎ¥·¨ÐÅÏ¢ £¬ÇëÄúÁ¬Ã¦ÁªÏµ尊龙凯时人生就是搏ʵʱÐÞÕý»òɾ³ý¡£

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