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1.1 ϵͳÈÕÖ¾Éó¼Æ

ϵͳÈÕÖ¾¼Í¼ÁËϵͳÖб¬·¢µÄÖÖÖÖÊÂÎñ £¬ÈçµÇ¼¡¢Îļþ»á¼û¡¢Àú³ÌÆô¶¯µÈ¡£ÖÎÀíÔ±¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÉó²éϵͳÈÕÖ¾À´ÅжÏÊÇ·ñ±£´æÒì³£²Ù×÷¡£ÏÂÃæÊÇÒ»¸öʹÓÃLinuxµÄÈÕÖ¾ÆÊÎö¹¤¾ßawkµÄʾÀý£º

# ²éÕҵǼʧ°ÜµÄ¼Í¼
grep "Failed password" /var/log/auth.log | awk '{ print $1 " " $2 " " $3 " " $11 }'

# ²éÕÒÀֳɵǼµÄ¼Í¼
grep "Accepted password" /var/log/auth.log | awk '{ print $1 " " $2 " " $3 " " $9 }'

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1.2 ÎļþÍêÕûÐÔ¼à¿Ø

ÎļþÍêÕûÐÔ¼à¿Ø¹¤¾ß¿ÉÒÔ½ÏÁ¿ÏµÍ³ÎļþµÄÄ¿½ñ״̬ºÍÔ¤ÆÚ״̬ £¬ÈôÊÇ·¢Ã÷Îļþ±»¸Ä¶¯ £¬Ôò»áÌìÉú¾¯±¨¡£LinuxÌṩÁËÒ»¿î³£ÓõÄÎļþÍêÕûÐÔ¼à¿Ø¹¤¾ßTripwire¡£ÏÂÃæÊÇÒ»¸öʹÓÃTripwire¾ÙÐÐÎļþÍêÕûÐÔ¼à¿ØµÄʾÀý£º

# ³õʼ»¯TripwireÊý¾Ý¿â
twadmin -m i -S /etc/twcfg.txt

# ¼ì²éÎļþÍêÕûÐÔ
tripwire --check

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1.3 ÍøÂçÁ÷Á¿¼à¿Ø

ÍøÂçÁ÷Á¿¼à¿Ø¿ÉÒÔ×ÊÖúÖÎÀíÔ±¼ì²âÊÇ·ñÓÐδÊÚȨµÄ»á¼ûºÍÊý¾Ý´«Êä¡£LinuxÌṩÁËÖî¶à¹¤¾ßºÍÊÖÒÕ £¬Èçiptables¡¢tcpdumpµÈ £¬¿ÉÒÔ×ÊÖúÖÎÀíÔ±¾ÙÐÐÍøÂçÁ÷Á¿¼à¿Ø¡£ÏÂÃæÊÇÒ»¸öʹÓÃiptables¾ÙÐÐÍøÂçÁ÷Á¿¼à¿ØµÄʾÀý£º

# ½¨ÉèÒ»¸öеÄiptablesÁ´
iptables -N LOGGING

# ½«ËùÓÐÁ÷Á¿×ª·¢µ½LOGGINGÁ´
iptables -A INPUT -j LOGGING
iptables -A OUTPUT -j LOGGING
iptables -A FORWARD -j LOGGING

# ÔÚLOGGINGÁ´ÖмͼÈÕÖ¾
iptables -A LOGGING -m limit --limit 2/min -j LOG --log-prefix "IPTables-Dropped: " --log-level 4

# Éó²éÈÕÖ¾
tail -f /var/log/messages

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ϵͳÇå¾²¼à¿ØÖ¼ÔÚʵʱ¼à¿ØϵͳµÄ״̬ £¬ÊµÊ±·¢Ã÷Òì³£Ô˶¯²¢½ÓÄÉÏìÓ¦²½·¥¡£LinuxÌṩÁ˶àÖÖ¹¤¾ßºÍÊÖÒÕ £¬¿ÉÒÔ×ÊÖúÖÎÀíÔ±¾ÙÐÐϵͳÇå¾²¼à¿Ø¡£

2.1 Àú³Ì¼à¿Ø

Àú³Ì¼à¿Ø¿ÉÒÔ×ÊÖúÖÎÀíÔ±¼ì²âϵͳÖÐÕýÔÚÔËÐеÄÀú³Ì £¬²¢¼à¿ØÆäÔ˶¯¡£LinuxÌṩÁ˶àÖÖÏÂÁîºÍ¹¤¾ß £¬Èçps¡¢top¡¢htopµÈ £¬¿ÉÒÔ×ÊÖúÖÎÀíÔ±¾ÙÐÐÀú³Ì¼à¿Ø¡£ÏÂÃæÊÇÒ»¸öʹÓÃpsÏÂÁî¾ÙÐÐÀú³Ì¼à¿ØµÄʾÀý£º

# ÁгöËùÓÐÀú³Ì
ps aux

# ƾ֤Àú³ÌÃû¹ýÂËÀú³Ì
ps aux | grep "process_name"

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2.2 ϵͳÐÔÄܼà¿Ø

ϵͳÐÔÄܼà¿Ø¿ÉÒÔ×ÊÖúÖÎÀíԱʵʱ¼à¿ØϵͳµÄ¸ºÔØ¡¢CPUʹÓÃÂÊ¡¢ÄÚ´æʹÓÃÂʵÈÒªº¦Ö¸±ê¡£LinuxÌṩÁ˶àÖÖÏÂÁîºÍ¹¤¾ß £¬Èçtop¡¢vmstat¡¢sarµÈ £¬¿ÉÒÔ×ÊÖúÖÎÀíÔ±¾ÙÐÐϵͳÐÔÄܼà¿Ø¡£ÏÂÃæÊÇÒ»¸öʹÓÃtopÏÂÁî¾ÙÐÐϵͳÐÔÄܼà¿ØµÄʾÀý£º

#ʵʱÉó²éϵͳ¸ºÔغÍÀú³Ì״̬
top

#°´CPUʹÓÃÂÊÅÅÐòÀú³Ì
top -o %CPU

#°´ÄÚ´æʹÓÃÂÊÅÅÐòÀú³Ì
top -o %MEM

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2.3 ÍøÂçÅþÁ¬¼à¿Ø

ÍøÂçÅþÁ¬¼à¿Ø¿ÉÒÔ×ÊÖúÖÎÀíԱʵʱ¼à¿ØϵͳµÄÍøÂçÅþÁ¬ÇéÐÎ £¬ÊµÊ±·¢Ã÷Òì³£ÅþÁ¬¡£LinuxÌṩÁ˶àÖÖÏÂÁîºÍ¹¤¾ß £¬Èçnetstat¡¢ssµÈ £¬¿ÉÒÔ×ÊÖúÖÎÀíÔ±¾ÙÐÐÍøÂçÅþÁ¬¼à¿Ø¡£ÏÂÃæÊÇÒ»¸öʹÓÃnetstatÏÂÁî¾ÙÐÐÍøÂçÅþÁ¬¼à¿ØµÄʾÀý£º

# Éó²éËùÓÐÍøÂçÅþÁ¬
netstat -a

# Éó²éÌض¨¶Ë¿ÚµÄÍøÂçÅþÁ¬
netstat -an | grep ":port_number"

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